Map Datum

For most hikers, the map datum selection isn't critical.  New and right out of the box, GPS receivers are set to Map Datum WGS84. And for most hikers that setting will be just fine. Out and back - no problem. But if you are going to take coordinates taken from a map or from a friend, AND accuracy is important, ensure you use the right map datum. Map Datum is defined as: "A mathematical model of the Earth used by map makers.  Datum allows for the accurate transfer of geographic data from a spherical earth to a flat map.  In the United States, there are three common map datum’s found on topographic maps.  These are WGS 84, North American Datum 1927 (NAD27) and NAD83.  Select the datum that is used on the map. "   Not selecting the correct map datum could induce an error of over 100 meters/yards. I emphasize that hiking groups should all be on the “same page” regarding the set-up options of their GPS receivers.  Map Datum information is found in the map key on most maps.   While planning a journey or at the trail head, taking the time to adjust settings among hiking partners is critical.  Before departing, validating map datum and coordinate format should be a priority. First, match the map’s datum.  A topographic map identifies datum in the map key.  Once the datum is identified ensure that all GPS receivers are set to match the correct datum.  See the illustration below. For more information on GPS setup setting check out: Improving GPS Accuracy, Setup Your GPS

Foods Toxic to Dogs

My wife and I have been doing quite a bit of traveling this summer.  In late May we visited our friends in Virginia.  We had a very long day of flying and looked forward to a relaxing visit.  While we were recuperating, the family’s dog was in the guest room scrounging through one of our suite cases.  My wife went to the guest room, found the dog and importantly, found a bag of Dove Dark Chocolate that had been opened with all the contents gone.  Out host called the local Vet Emergency room and was told to get the dog to the Vet ASAP.

On their arrival, the Vet administered a shot that quickly caused the dog to throw-up.  
The following are foods that are poisonous to our pets.  The Humane Society has a complete listing.

Alcohol
Avocado
Chocolate, Coffee and Caffeine
Citrus
Coconut and Coconut Oil
Grapes and Raisins
Macadamia Nuts
Milk and Dairy
Nuts
Onions, Garlic, Chives
Raw/Undercooked Meat, Eggs and Bones
Salt and Salty Snack Foods
Xylitol
Yeast Dough

If you believe that your pet has ingested toxic foods contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435. 

Check the label information on the food product.  The Dove Chocolate packaging had a phone number on the back for emergency support.  I called that number and received excellent help.